darmanandClaude Sonnet 5
2a27d2cf4b
Confirmed on real hardware: kexec's device_shutdown() pass runs (SCSI disks sync fine in the log) then the machine goes dark for good — journalctl --list-boots showed a ~15min gap before the next boot, a genuine hang needing a manual power cycle, not a slow jump. Near-certainly amdgpu (RX 6800 XT): discrete AMD GPUs are known to hang during kexec's device-shutdown pass with no clean handoff before the jump, same class of issue as jupiter's reboot=pci warm-reboot workaround, just fatal here instead of slow. README's terra install section now leads with the USB installer path instead (build ISO, dd to USB, rsync the repo over, disko + nixos-install locally). CLAUDE.md's gotchas list gets the same warning. installer-iso is renamed from jupiter-installer to homelab-installer since it's genuinely host-agnostic, and now ships git. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
135 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
135 lines
8.2 KiB
Markdown
# CLAUDE.md
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This file provides guidance to Claude Code (claude.ai/code) when working with code in this repository.
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Flake-based NixOS config for a homelab. Hosts: **jupiter** (ZimaBlade NAS, x86_64),
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**neptun** (netcup public reverse proxy + tailnet node, x86_64), **mercury** (Raspberry
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Pi 3B+ DNS/DHCP, aarch64). See `README.md` for the full install/deploy walkthrough.
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## Layout
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```
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flake.nix # nixosConfigurations: real hosts + test/util targets
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common.nix # shared base: user darman (key-only ssh), nix settings, firewall :22, tz
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services/<cat>/*.nix # one reusable NixOS module per service, grouped by category
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# (media, network, vpn, identity, dev, desktop); each opens
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# ITS OWN firewall ports. services/containers.nix (podman
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# backend) stays at the top level, shared across categories.
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hosts/<h>/ # configuration.nix + disk-config.nix (disko) + hardware-configuration.nix + secrets.nix
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secrets/<h>.yaml # sops-nix, age-encrypted per host
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scripts/deploy # config-agnostic deploy wrapper (all args mandatory)
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scripts/edit_secrets
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.sops.yaml # per-host encryption rules (admin key + each host's key)
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```
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A host = `common.nix` + the `services/**` modules it imports + its `hosts/<h>/configuration.nix`.
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`services/` modules are engine-agnostic and shared across hosts (e.g. `services/vpn/tailscale.nix`,
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`services/network/caddy.nix` used by jupiter and neptun).
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## Commands
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Eval/verify a config before deploying (eval only checks the module tree, not
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freeform config like pihole's TOML or a container's runtime):
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```
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nix eval --raw .#nixosConfigurations.<host>.config.system.build.toplevel.drvPath
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```
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Deploy (from a non-NixOS laptop too — runs nixos-rebuild/nixos-anywhere via `nix run`):
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```
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./scripts/deploy switch <config> <host> # daily rebuild + activate
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./scripts/deploy install <config> <host> # first install (nixos-anywhere, wipes OS disk)
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./scripts/deploy kexec <config> <host> # RO-root box (ZimaOS): kexec into a RAM installer first
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sudo ./scripts/deploy kexec-local [--yes] # kexec THIS box (no ssh); confirm prompt unless --yes
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./scripts/deploy image mercury # build the aarch64 SD image
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./scripts/deploy flash mercury /dev/sdX # build + write SD + drop the sops age key
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```
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Both password prompts are auto-filled from the "HomeLab" Proton Pass vault, keyed by
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**`<config>`, not `<host>`** — items `darman@<config>` (sudo) and `root@<config>` (ssh).
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A *trashed* Proton Pass item with the same title shadows the active one and yields an
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empty password, so the script resolves the title among `--filter-state active` items
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first; a plain `pass-cli item view --item-title` silently returns the trashed copy and
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you get an interactive prompt with no explanation.
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`HOMELAB_KEXEC_TARBALL` (+ `_CPIO` / `_GZIP`) makes `kexec`/`kexec-local` reuse a
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prebuilt installer instead of rebuilding ~500MB. The VM test below uses this.
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Secrets (needs the admin age key at `~/.config/sops/age/keys.txt`):
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```
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./scripts/edit_secrets secrets/<host>.yaml
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```
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Test a service config BEFORE touching hardware — always do this for nontrivial changes:
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```
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# x86 QEMU VM of mercury's DNS/DHCP stack (fast; validates pihole/unbound at runtime)
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nix build .#nixosConfigurations.mercury-vm.config.system.build.vm -o result
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./result/bin/run-mercury-vm-vm # ssh -p 2223 darman@localhost (pw: test)
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# jupiter services as a VirtualBox OVA
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nix build .#nixosConfigurations.jupiter-vbox.config.system.build.virtualBoxOVA
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# end-to-end VM test of `deploy kexec-local` (~45s once the tarball is built)
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nix build .#checks.x86_64-linux.kexec-local -L
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```
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`checks.kexec-local` is the only way to exercise `kexec-local` at all: it jumps the
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machine you are typing at, so it cannot be rehearsed on real hardware and a failure
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looks exactly like a slow boot. It asserts the box actually left the old kernel
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(SSH drops then returns), came back as `nixos-installer`, lost its old `/run`, and
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kept its ssh host key. Run it after ANY change to the kexec paths.
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## Secrets (sops-nix)
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- Each `secrets/<host>.yaml` is encrypted to the **admin** key (edit) + that **host's**
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key (runtime decrypt); rules in `.sops.yaml`. Private keys live OFF-repo:
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`~/.config/sops/age/keys.txt` (admin), `~/.config/homelab/<host>/` (host keys).
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- jupiter/neptun decrypt with their **ssh host key** (`ssh-to-age` recipient), shipped at
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install via `nixos-anywhere --extra-files`.
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- mercury (SD image, no `--extra-files`) uses a **dedicated age key** at
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`/var/lib/sops-nix/age.txt` — `./scripts/deploy flash` writes it to the ext4 root partition.
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- A service password that must come from sops but whose module has no `passwordFile`
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hook (pihole, adguard) is injected via `sops.templates` → an env file → the service
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(`FTLCONF_*` for pihole). See `hosts/mercury/configuration.nix`.
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## Non-obvious gotchas (all learned the hard way)
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- **aarch64 (mercury)**: the x86 laptop needs `extra-platforms = aarch64-linux` in
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`/etc/nix/nix.custom.conf` (NOT `/etc/nix/nix.conf` — Determinate Nix regenerates that)
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+ `qemu-user-static-binfmt`, else emulated builds fail with "platform mismatch". Or
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build on the Pi with `--build-host darman@<ip>`.
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- **pihole on mercury is a CONTAINER** (`services/network/pihole.nix`, official image, host
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networking, caps NET_ADMIN/NET_RAW/SYS_NICE/CHOWN, `FTLCONF_*` env config). The native
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`services.pihole-ftl` module **segfaults on the Pi 3B+ aarch64** — do not switch back.
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- **`services.unbound.resolveLocalQueries = false`** is required: unbound listens on
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:5335, so leaving it true points the host's resolv.conf at 127.0.0.1:**53** with nothing
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there → boot-time DNS deadlock (starves image pulls / list downloads). Host resolves via
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upstream `networking.nameservers`; pihole forwards to unbound explicitly at `127.0.0.1#5335`.
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- **Remote deploy pushes unsigned closures**: hosts set `nix.settings.trusted-users =
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[ "root" "@wheel" ]` (in common.nix) so a laptop-built closure is accepted by the target.
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- **jupiter**: `boot.kernelParams = [ "reboot=pci" ]` (warm reboot hangs on that board);
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eMMC initrd modules pinned in `configuration.nix` (generate-config misses them); the
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16TB×2 **RAID0** data lives on `/mnt/data` with `nofail`, kept OUT of disko (never wiped).
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- **terra: `./scripts/deploy kexec-local` hangs hard — do not use it there.** Confirmed
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on real hardware: kexec's `device_shutdown()` pass runs (SCSI disks sync fine in the
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log), then the machine goes dark and never comes back — `journalctl --list-boots`
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showed a ~15min gap before the next boot, i.e. a genuine hang needing a manual power
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cycle, not a slow jump. Near-certainly amdgpu (RX 6800 XT): discrete AMD GPUs are known
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to hang during kexec's device-shutdown pass with no clean handoff before the jump —
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same class of issue as jupiter's `reboot=pci` workaround, just fatal here instead of
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slow. Use the USB installer path instead (README's "First install on terra" section).
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- **disko wipes only the OS disk** named in `hosts/<h>/disk-config.nix`; data disks are
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plain `fileSystems` in `configuration.nix`.
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- `nixos-anywhere`/kexec needs a writable root; **ZimaOS root is read-only**, hence the
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`./scripts/deploy kexec` step that streams a RAM installer (with static cpio/gzip since
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ZimaOS lacks them).
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- **`kexec/run` jumps ~6s AFTER it returns**: nixos-images' `kexec-run.sh` ends with
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`nohup sh -c "sleep 6 && $SCRIPT_DIR/kexec -e" &`. So the staging dir must OUTLIVE the
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script — an `rm -rf` in an EXIT trap deletes the binary that performs the jump and the
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box silently stays on the old kernel. `kexec-local` clears its trap before jumping and
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then sleeps 60s on purpose. Covered by `checks.kexec-local`.
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- **The kexec installer KEEPS the box's ssh host key**: `kexec-run.sh` copies
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`/etc/ssh/ssh_host_*` into the appended initrd and `restore-remote-access.nix` installs
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them back. So do NOT `ssh-keygen -R` after a kexec — the key does not change, and
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clearing it just throws away the known_hosts record.
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- **`kexec-local` stages on `/var/tmp`, not `/tmp`**: `kexec-run.sh` appends a fresh cpio
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to `kexec/initrd` in place and execs binaries from that dir, so a size-capped or
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`noexec` tmpfs gives a half-written initrd or a bare "Permission denied".
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